Seasonal affective disorder, or SAD, is a type of depression that follows a seasonal pattern. Symptoms typically appear during a particular time of year and improve during another season.
Common Symptoms
Symptoms may include persistent low mood, reduced interest in activities, low energy, difficulty concentrating, changes in sleep, and changes in appetite.
Why Does SAD Happen?
The exact causes are not fully understood. Changes in daylight exposure may influence biological processes involving sleep, circadian rhythms, and mood regulation.
Treatment Options
Treatment may include psychotherapy, medication, light therapy, lifestyle changes, or a combination of approaches. Bright-light therapy is commonly used for winter-pattern SAD, but it should be discussed with a healthcare professional because it is not suitable for everyone.
When to Get Help
If seasonal changes are repeatedly affecting your mood, relationships, work, or daily activities, consider speaking with a mental health professional.
Any thoughts of suicide or self-harm require immediate professional or emergency support.